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Objective To apply and compare two occupational health risk assessment methods of Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the International Council on Mining and Metal (ICMM) in chair furniture manufacturing enterprises. Methods Three chair furniture manufacturing enterprises were selected and investigated by occupational health. Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were used to evaluate the exposure risk in workers and compared. Results The result from the Singapore model indicated that there were extremely high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory C, high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory B and C, high risk for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C, medium risk for wood dust exposure at wood-drilled workshop in factory A, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, formaldehyde in factory B, toluene, xylene in factory C. There were inconsistent evaluation results using the ICMM tools of standard-based matrix and calculated risk rating. There were unacceptable risks for methylene chloride exposure at glue-sprayed workshop and word dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory A, B, C. There were unacceptable risks for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C, toluene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory A and C, ethyl acetate exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C. The consistency of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and rating evaluated mothod of risk assessment model provided by the ICMM was 58.33％ (weighted kappa value: 0.25) . The consistencies of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were low (weighted kappa value: 0.00) . Conclusion Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were both suitable for the chair furniture manufacturing enterprises, but the outcome of the two methods is inconsistent.
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Objective To evaluate occupational health risk at sites in a crane manufacturing enterprise and to provide the basis for occupational risk management and worker'health.Methods A crane manufacturing enterprise was selected and investigated for occupational health.Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique was used to evaluate the exposure risk in workers and compared with classification and occupational exposure limits of occupational hazards at workplaces.Results Benzene, toluene, xylene, manganese, butyl alcohol, butyl acetate, welding fume, silica dust, grinding wheel dust, noise were occupational hazard at the crane manufacturing sites.Results showed 3.28% of all the chemical substance analyzed in our study by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique were high risk, and 8.2% were moderate risk, and 55.74% were low risk and 32.78% were negligible risk.The risk level of dip coating, welding, bob-weight, coremaking, sand mixing, shakeout were between moderate to high.The job grading of occupational chemical substance were correspondingly: harmless, 98.36%;slight, 1.64%.The results of the two methods were significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique could be used in evaluating the risk level of workplaces.However, this technique is limited in evaluating the risk level of physical factor such as noise and heat and should be combined with National Occupational Standards.
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To prepare Sanqi Hydrogel Patch used for setting a bone and study its transdermal permeation properties in vitro. In this paper, the appearance description, initial bonding strength, endurance bonding strength, and peel strength were taken as indexes. Based on the result of a single factor experiment, the formula for the Sanqi Hydrogel Patch was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. Franz diffusing cells method was chosen to study its transdermal permeability in vitro with asperosaponin VI, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and notoginsenoside R1 as index components. The optimal ratio of the prescription was as follows: ViscomateTM NP700-Carbomer 940-PVPK90-kaoline-dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate (1.86∶1.48∶0.49∶0.5∶0.16). Within 24 h, the transdermal rates of asperosaponin VI, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and notoginsenoside R1 were 1.868, 4.233, 1.149, and 1.558 μ g/(cm2∙h). Sanqi Hydrogel Patch has a better release and transdermal properties and the transdermal actions are consistent with zero-order kinetics.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the situations of pesticide poisoning in Huzhou and take preventive strategy and measures against the pesticide poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Case reports between 2006 and 2009 in the data base of reporting system for occupational diseases were computed by Excel for windows and statistical significance by SPSS12.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2298 patients were reported from 2006 to 2009. Among them, the incidence of occupational poisoning accounted for 25.59% (588 cases), including 4 fatalities (fatality rate, 0.68%). Male patients (458 cases, 77.89%) were more than female ones (130 cases, 22.11%) in occupational pesticides poisoning. Summer and autumn were the most seasons in occupational pesticides poisoning occurring. The incidence of non-occupational pesticides poisoning accounted for 74.41% (1710, cases), including 112 fatalities (fatality rate, 6.55%). Female patients (952 cases, 55.67%) were more than male ones (758 cases, 44.33%) in non-occupational pesticides poisoning. 15 - 55 years were the highest incidences among non-occupational pesticides poisoning patients. Insecticides especially organophosphorus insecticides such as methamidophos, parathion, and omethoate comprised a higher proportion, accounting for 79.98% of the pesticides poisoning.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence and the fatality rate of occupational pesticide poisoning were reduced in the city. However, more attention should be paid to non-occupational pesticides poisoning. To decrease the numbers of pesticide poisoning and the risks of death, the relevant departments should take preventive strategy and measures against the pesticide poisoning.</p>